Table of contents

1. Intro to General Chemistry3h 48m
2. Atoms & Elements4h 16m
3. Chemical Reactions4h 10m
4. BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
5. BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions48m
6. Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions3h 53m
7. Gases3h 49m
8. Thermochemistry2h 37m
9. Quantum Mechanics2h 58m
10. Periodic Properties of the Elements3h 9m
11. Bonding & Molecular Structure3h 29m
12. Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory1h 57m
13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces2h 23m
14. Solutions3h 1m
15. Chemical Kinetics2h 53m
16. Chemical Equilibrium2h 29m
17. Acid and Base Equilibrium5h 1m
18. Aqueous Equilibrium4h 47m
19. Chemical Thermodynamics1h 50m
20. Electrochemistry2h 42m
21. Nuclear Chemistry2h 36m
22. Organic Chemistry5h 7m
23. Chemistry of the Nonmetals2h 39m
24. Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds3h 16m

23. Chemistry of the Nonmetals

Periodic Table Charges Review

General Chemistry

23. Chemistry of the Nonmetals

Periodic Table Charges Review

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2:31 minutes

Problem 22-104b

Textbook Question

Identify the group 5A element(s) that best fits each of the following descriptions.
(b) Forms stable salts containing M3+ ions

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the elements in Group 5A: These are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), and bismuth (Bi).

Understand the common oxidation states of Group 5A elements: Group 5A elements can exhibit various oxidation states, but +3 and +5 are the most common.

Consider the stability of the +3 oxidation state: As we move down the group, the stability of the +3 oxidation state generally increases due to the inert pair effect.

Analyze the tendency to form stable M3+ ions: Bismuth (Bi) is known to form stable Bi3+ ions in its compounds, which are commonly found in various salts.

Conclude that bismuth (Bi) is the element that best fits the description of forming stable salts containing M3+ ions.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Group 5A Elements

Group 5A elements, also known as Group 15 in the periodic table, include nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. These elements have five valence electrons and exhibit a range of oxidation states, which influence their chemical behavior and the types of compounds they can form.

Stability of M3+ Ions

The M3+ ion refers to a cation formed when a Group 5A element loses three electrons. The stability of these ions is crucial for the formation of stable salts. For example, aluminum (Al) from Group 3A can form stable Al3+ ions, while certain Group 5A elements can also form stable M3+ ions under specific conditions.

Formation of Salts

Salts are ionic compounds formed from the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base. In the context of M3+ ions, stable salts can be formed when these cations combine with anions, such as halides or sulfates. The stability of the resulting salt depends on the charge and size of the ions involved.

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