Table of contents

1. Intro to General Chemistry3h 48m
2. Atoms & Elements4h 16m
3. Chemical Reactions4h 10m
4. BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
5. BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions48m
6. Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions3h 53m
7. Gases3h 49m
8. Thermochemistry2h 37m
9. Quantum Mechanics2h 58m
10. Periodic Properties of the Elements3h 9m
11. Bonding & Molecular Structure3h 29m
12. Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory1h 57m
13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces2h 23m
14. Solutions3h 1m
15. Chemical Kinetics2h 53m
16. Chemical Equilibrium2h 29m
17. Acid and Base Equilibrium5h 1m
18. Aqueous Equilibrium4h 47m
19. Chemical Thermodynamics1h 50m
20. Electrochemistry2h 42m
21. Nuclear Chemistry2h 36m
22. Organic Chemistry5h 7m
23. Chemistry of the Nonmetals2h 39m
24. Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds3h 16m

11. Bonding & Molecular Structure

Chemical Bonds

General Chemistry

11. Bonding & Molecular Structure

Chemical Bonds

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Multiple Choice

What is the primary difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds?

Polar covalent bonds have higher bond energies than nonpolar covalent bonds.

Polar covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons, while nonpolar covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons.

Polar covalent bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons, while nonpolar covalent bonds involve equal sharing of electrons.

Polar covalent bonds occur between metals, while nonpolar covalent bonds occur between nonmetals.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the nature of covalent bonds: Covalent bonds are formed when two atoms share electrons. This sharing allows each atom to attain the electron configuration of a noble gas, achieving stability.

Differentiate between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds: In nonpolar covalent bonds, the electrons are shared equally between the two atoms because they have similar electronegativities. In contrast, polar covalent bonds occur when the electrons are shared unequally due to a difference in electronegativity between the two atoms.

Recognize the role of electronegativity: Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons. When two atoms with different electronegativities form a bond, the more electronegative atom will attract the shared electrons more strongly, resulting in a polar covalent bond.

Identify the characteristics of polar covalent bonds: In a polar covalent bond, the unequal sharing of electrons creates a dipole moment, where one end of the bond is slightly negative, and the other end is slightly positive.

Summarize the primary difference: The key difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds is the equality of electron sharing. Polar covalent bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons due to differences in electronegativity, while nonpolar covalent bonds involve equal sharing of electrons between atoms with similar electronegativities.