Textbook Question
Emerging viruses arise by
a. Mutation of existing viruses.
b. The spread of existing viruses to new host species.
c. The spread of existing viruses more widely within their host species.
d. All of the above.
Ch. 19 - Viruses
Urry11th EditionCampbell BiologyISBN: 9789357423311
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry8
- Ch. 2 - The Chemical Context of Life8
- Ch. 3 - Water and Life6
- Ch. 4 - Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life9
- Ch. 5 - The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules9
- Ch. 6 - A Tour of the Cell6
- Ch. 7 - Membrane Structure and Function6
- Ch. 8 - An Introduction to Metabolism6
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation10
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis7
- Ch. 11 - Cell Communication7
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle10
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles10
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene Idea14
- Ch, 15 - The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance7
- Ch. 16 - The Molecular Basis of Inheritance9
- Ch. 17 - Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein9
- Ch. 18 - Regulation of Gene Expression10
- Ch. 19 - Viruses6
- Ch. 20 - DNA Tools and Biotechnology8
- Ch. 21 - Genomes and Their Evolution8
- Ch. 22 - Descent with Modification: A Darwininan View of Life6
- Ch. 23 - The Evolution of Populations5
- Ch. 24 - The Origin of Species6
- Ch. 25 - The History of Life on Earth6
- Ch. 26 - Phylogeny and the Tree of Life7
- Ch. 27 - Bacteria and Archaea8
- Ch. 28 - Protists7
- Ch. 29 - Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land7
- Ch. 30 - Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants7
- Ch. 31 - Fungi5
- Ch. 32 - An Overview of Animal Diversity4
- Ch. 33 - An introduction to Invertebrates6
- Ch. 34 - The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates7
- Ch. 35 - Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development8
- Ch. 36 - Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants8
- Ch. 37 - Soil and Plant Nutrition10
- Ch. 38 - Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology8
- Ch. 39 - Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals8
- Ch. 40 - Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function8
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition7
- Ch. 42 - Circulation and Gas Exchange7
- Ch. 43 - The Immune System6
- Ch. 44 - Osmoregulation and Excretion6
- Ch. 45 - Hormones and the Endocrine System8
- Ch. 46 - Animal Reproduction8
- Ch. 47 - Animal Development8
- Ch. 48 - Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling6
- Ch. 49 - Nervous Systems8
- Ch. 50 - Sensory and Motor Mechanisms5
- Ch. 51 Animal Behavior6
- Ch. 52 - An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere7
- Ch. 53 - Population Ecology10
- Ch. 54 - Community Ecology9
- Ch. 55 - Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology8
- Ch. 56 - Conservation Biology and Global Change6
Chapter 19, Problem 1
Which of the following characteristics, structures, or processes is common to both bacteria and viruses?
a. Metabolism
b. Ribosomes
c. Genetic material composed of nucleic acid
d. Cell division
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the basic definitions: Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that have a simple cell structure without a nucleus, while viruses are non-cellular entities that require a host cell to replicate.
Identify the characteristics of bacteria: Bacteria have a metabolism, contain ribosomes for protein synthesis, have genetic material in the form of DNA, and reproduce through cell division (binary fission).
Identify the characteristics of viruses: Viruses do not have a metabolism, lack ribosomes, and cannot perform cell division. They have genetic material, which can be either DNA or RNA, and replicate by hijacking the host cell's machinery.
Compare the characteristics: Both bacteria and viruses have genetic material composed of nucleic acids (either DNA or RNA). This is a common feature between the two.
Conclude the analysis: The characteristic common to both bacteria and viruses is the presence of genetic material composed of nucleic acids, which is option c.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Metabolism
Metabolism refers to the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life, including energy production and synthesis of molecules. Bacteria have metabolic pathways that allow them to grow and reproduce independently. In contrast, viruses lack metabolic machinery and rely on host cells to perform metabolic functions necessary for their replication.
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Metabolic Rate
Ribosomes
Ribosomes are cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis, translating genetic information into proteins. Bacteria possess ribosomes, enabling them to produce proteins essential for their survival and function. Viruses, however, do not have ribosomes and must hijack the host cell's ribosomes to synthesize viral proteins.
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06:51Ribosomes
Genetic Material Composed of Nucleic Acid
Both bacteria and viruses contain genetic material composed of nucleic acids, either DNA or RNA, which carries the instructions for their replication and function. Bacteria typically have a single circular DNA molecule, while viruses can have either DNA or RNA as their genetic material, depending on the type of virus.
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03:22Nucleic Acids
Related Practice
Textbook Question
To cause a human pandemic, the H5N1 avian flu virus would have to
a. Spread to primates such as chimpanzees.
b. Develop into a virus with a different host range.
c. Become capable of human-to-human transmission.
d. Become much more pathogenic.
Textbook Question
A bacterium is infected with an experimentally constructed bacteriophage composed of the T2 phage protein coat and T4 phage DNA. The new phages produced would have
a. T2 protein and T4 DNA.
b. T4 protein and T2 DNA.
c. T2 protein and T2 DNA.
d. T4 protein and T4 DNA.