A birth defect called transposition of great vessels results in the pulmonary trunk emanating from the left ventricle and the aorta stemming from the right ventricle.

Predict the potential effects of this birth defect.

Predict which would be more damaging to long-term survival: a blood clot lodged in the right coronary artery or one in the left coronary artery. Explain.

Explain why a severed artery spurts blood, whereas a severed vein merely leaks blood.

Explain why a person who is 7 feet tall is likely to have higher blood pressure than a person whose height is 4 feet.

Collagen vascular diseases weaken the collagen in the tunica externa of blood vessels. Predict the effects of such a disease.

You are babysitting two children who are having a contest to see who can hang upside-down for the longest time. At the end of the contest, both children feel dizzy and are worried they are sick. Explain to them why they feel this way and why the effect is only temporary. (Hint: Consider how the baroreceptor reflex responds when a person hangs upside-down.)

Predict the effects of each of the following on systemic arterial blood pressure:

Caffeine consumption, which increases heart rate and causes vasoconstriction

Explain why the skin and lips of fair-skinned individuals may 'turn blue' in very cold weather.

Ms. Rodgers has been diagnosed with secretion of inappropriate ADH syndrome (SIADH). What effect will SIADH have on the amount of water in her body? What symptoms would you expect from this condition? How would it affect her blood pressure and net filtration pressure?

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Arteries are the exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

The tunica intima is composed of a sheet of endothelium, connective tissue, and the internal elastic lamina.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Arteries always carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, and veins always carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

The tunica media consists of smooth muscle cells innervated by vasomotor nerves.