A deviated septum results when the nasal septum is shifted to one side or the other. What bones might be involved in this condition? Why might this make breathing difficult?

Mrs. Dent presents to the clinic with back pain. During the exam, you notice that she has severe kyphosis, and you suspect a vertebral fracture. What specific part of her vertebra is likely to be fractured, considering her deformity? Explain.

You arrive on the scene where a person without a pulse was found. Someone on the scene performed CPR, but the individual unfortunately could not be revived. On postmortem examination, it is discovered that several ribs and the xiphoid process were fractured. What likely caused these fractures?

How do the atlas (C₁) and the axis (C₂) differ from other cervical vertebrae? How does this difference enable them to perform their functions?

Explain how abnormal bone structure could affect muscle function.

What structures form the knee and elbow joints? Of the two joints, which do you think would be more stable? Why?

Predict where each of the following structures is located, based on your knowledge of skeletal anatomy and anatomical terms (your answers should be along the lines of 'lateral crural region' or 'posterior cervical region').

a. Frontal lobe of brain

b. Suprahyoid muscle

c. Ulnar artery

d. Tibial nerve

e. Intercostal muscle

f. External iliac artery

Which of the following are considered parts of the axial skeleton? (Circle all that apply.)

a. Pectoral girdle

b. Lower limb

c. Skull

d. Vertebral column

e. Pelvic girdle

f. Thoracic cage