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Problem 13
Which of the following best describes the role of bile salts in lipid digestion?
a. Bile salts begin chemical digestion of lipids.
b. Bile salts bind to lipids and physically break them apart into monoglycerides and free fatty acids.
c. Bile salts bind to lipids and physically break them apart into smaller pieces.
d. Bile salts interact with pancreatic lipase and catalyze lipid breakdown.
Problem 14
Which of the following is/are absorbed in the small intestine by the Na+/glucose cotransporter?
a. Glucose
b. Galactose
c. Fructose
d. Both a and b are correct
e. All of the above are correct
Problem 15
The primary hormone that triggers the secretion of pancreatic juice and bile is:
a. Gastric inhibitory peptide
b. Cholecystokinin
c. Motilin
d. Somatostatin
Problem 16
Lipids associate with bile salts in the small intestine to form_____ . In the enterocyte, lipids are packaged with other lipids into______.
Problem 17
Which of the following statements about absorption in the small and large intestines is false?
a. Absorption of water occurs by secondary active transport.
b. Absorption of sodium ions creates an electrical gradient that drives absorption of chloride and bicarbonate anions.
c. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed with other lipids.
d. Vitamin B12 requires intrinsic factor to be absorbed in the small intestine.
Problem 18a
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
Motility of the alimentary canal is regulated by the enteric nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system, and hormones.
Problem 18b
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
b. The esophageal and pharyngeal phases of swallowing are mediated by the swallowing reflex of the brainstem and the enteric nervous system.
Problem 18c
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
c. Smooth muscle of the stomach contracts when food enters from the esophagus.
Problem 18d
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
Control of gastric emptying into the duodenum is important to allow the chyme to be neutralized and diluted by pancreatic secretions.
Problem 18e
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
e. During eating, the small intestine exhibits motion in the migrating motor complex pattern.
Problem 19
Defecation is stimulated by:
a. stretch receptors in the rectum, initiating the defecation reflex in the spinal cord.
b. segmentation of haustra in the proximal large intestine.
c. contraction of the external anal sphincter.
d. activation of the defecation reflex by the presence of fecal material in the proximal large intestine.
Problem 20
Which of the following stimuli mediates salivation?
a. Neurons of the ENS
b. ACh from parasympathetic neurons
c. The hormone secretin
d. Feedback from the cerebral cortex
Problem 21
Which of the following occurs/occur during the cephalic phase of gastric acid secretion?
a. Stimulation of gastrin and histamine release
b. Direct stimulation of parietal cells
c. Inhibition of somatostatin release
d. Both a and b are correct
e. All of the above are correct
Problem 22
How does absorption of lipids differ from absorption of carbohydrates and proteins in the small intestine?
a. Lipids are absorbed into a capillary; carbohydrates and proteins are absorbed into a lacteal.
b. Lipids are not absorbed in the small intestine.
c. Lipids are absorbed into a lacteal; carbohydrates and proteins are absorbed into a capillary.
d. They are all absorbed into the same structure.